effectiveness typical range ------------- ------------- pictorial occlusion, overlap M very strong all distances perspective M varied all d foreshortening size effects texture gradients aerial perspective M weak d > 1 km shadows, relief, shading M varied all d color effects weak medium d kinetic (moving image) M strong all d motion parallax (moving viewer) M strong d < 1 km accommodation (physiological) M medium (bright) d < 1 m convergence (physiological) B medium d < 10 m binocular disparity B strong d < 1 km other disparities: glints, reveals B weak d < 100 m "M" = monocular depth cues, i.e., works with one (or more) eyes. "B" = binocular depth cues, i.e. requires two eyes. Some cues are "physiological" - they result from physical changes in the eyes. The remaining cues are "psychological" - they arise in the brain.